Case Study 1: Audience Size

Executive Summary

The intent of this executive summary is to answer two questions.

Who listens to Sirius Radio?
Who listens to Sirius Business Radio by Wharton?
Does this samples appear to be a random sample from the general population?
Does this sample appear to be a random sample from the MTURK population?

Based on the responses of these answers we move forward with the following implications.

What method should be utilized to estimate the audience size?
what data should be collected and where should it come from?

The variables that were selected for analysis were, age, education, gender, income, sirius, wharton, and worktime. Survey questions that did not have a response were recoded to NA. Survey questions that were input in the incorrect format, were changed to be in the appropriate format. For example, age should have been a numeric input; however, some respondents wrote out their age that being ‘eighteen’ rather than 18. Other examples of incorrect information includes typing 223. The age 223, is far beyond the life span of a normal human. It cannot be assumed that the individual intended to type 22, 23, or 32. As such, this response was changed to NA.

Summary Tables

Who listens to Sirius Radio?
Who listens to Sirius Business Radio by Wharton?
Does this samples appear to be a random sample from the general population?
Does this sample appear to be a random sample from the MTURK population?

The first four questions can be responded to by analyzing the following figures.

Educational attainment

The summary table is split by educational attainment and shows that most listeners have some college diploma or has a bachelor’s degree. For the individuals who own a bachelor’s degree, the average age of the listener is 28.5 while the median is 26. For individuals who hold a bachelors degree, the mean age is 31.14 while the median is 28.

Education	Frequency	Mean_Age	Median_Age	Mean_Worktime	Median_Worktime
Less than 12 years; no high school diploma	10	30.00000	27.0	23.90000	22.0
High school graduate (or equivalent)	191	30.21466	27.0	23.32984	21.0
Some college, no diploma; or Associates degree	737	28.51967	26.0	22.49389	21.0
Bachelors degree or other 4-year degree	612	31.14379	28.0	21.96078	20.0
Graduate or professional degree	177	34.57627	31.0	23.22034	21.0
Other	2	50.50000	50.5	46.50000	46.5

Age

For a closer look at the age of listeners a frequency table has been included to show the gender breakdown with the mean and median age of male and female listeners.

Gender	Frequency	Mean_Age	Median_Age	Mean_Worktime	Median_Worktime
Female	729	31.9561	29	23.52812	21
Male	1000	29.0750	27	21.76400	20

Histogram of age which is split by gender and income also show the breakdown of age.

Income

Income	Frequency	Mean_Age	Median_Age	Mean_Worktime	Median_Worktime
Less than $15,000	206	26.57767	24	21.19903	20.0
$15,000 - $30,000	360	29.45833	27	23.09167	21.0
$30,000 - $50,000	421	30.73634	28	22.85036	20.0
$50,000 - $75,000	372	31.46774	29	22.15860	20.0
$75,000 - $150,000	326	31.59202	30	22.80368	21.0
Above $150,000	44	30.59091	24	21.34091	20.5

Wharton and Sirius?

Box Plots

The box plot, below faceted by educational attainment and income and specifically describes the users who listen to both Wharton radio and Sirius radio. Each of the boxplots are split by gender and describe the age of each listener by gender.

Conclusion: Who listens to Wharton Radio?

Based on the charts above, the age of the average listeners tends to be mid 20’s to early 30’s. Usually they will have some educational background of some sort and more often tend to be male than female. Generally these individuals will be making $30,000 - $50,000 a year. Knowing the general audience base, the next two questions can be responded to.

What method should be utilized to estimate the audience size?
what data should be collected and where should it come from?

Method for estimating Audience Size?

What data should be collected and where should it come from? Rather than administering dat from MTURK, a more direct approach to listener base can be found by pulling data from stitcher which has been aquired by Sirius XM. This data may provide more specific …

Case Study 2: Women in Science

Questions

How many fields?
type of degrees?
years of statistics being reported

In this data set there are 10 different fields of study, 3 different degree levels and 11 years worth of data from 2006 - 2016. This can be seen in the summary tables below.

By Field and Sex

This table shows that 10 different fields of study and the total amount of Male and Female people who studied the field. Overall looking at the 10 fields, there is an even breakdown of Female dominated fields to Male dominated fields.

Field	Male	Female	More
Agricultural sciences	152956	172852	Female
Biological sciences	516556	745384	Female
Computer sciences	626248	171808	Male
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	53118	36076	Male
Engineering	1147112	301426	Male
Mathematics and statistics	173641	125083	Male
Non-S&E	7356720	11916324	Female
Physical sciences	194365	120797	Male
Psychology	326865	1109902	Female
Social sciences	1041377	1244592	Female

By Degree and Sex

This table shows the 3 different types of degrees over the course of 11 years with sex being broken down. The data shows that although there are more female people collectively receiving Bachelors degrees and Masters degrees, Male people attain more Ph.Ds.

Degree	Male	Female	More
BS	8137972	10930199	Female
MS	3104414	4669113	Female
PhD	346572	344932	Male

By Year and Sex

Finally the last table shows the amount of degrees attained each year by male and females. Showing that overall, female people overall earn more degrees and that there has been a stead increase of degrees over time.

Year	Male	Female	More
2006	904679	1253917	Female
2007	925621	1287439	Female
2008	953360	1320480	Female
2009	985411	1360820	Female
2010	1019514	1404646	Female
2011	1063992	1466539	Female
2012	1107721	1525402	Female
2013	1130821	1552075	Female
2014	1147769	1570559	Female
2015	1163164	1586060	Female
2016	1186906	1616307	Female

BS degrees in 2015

The summary statistics tables above are high level summaries. To understand the breakdown of science related fields vs non-science fields in 2015, separate bar plots have been made.

2015 Overall Science and Engineering This bar plot shows the breakdown of science and engineering fields and compares them to the broader category of non-science and engineering fields.

To show the difference in sex between Non-science and engineering fields and science and engineering fields in 2015 the following bar plot has been made. As the tables above show generally there are more woman obtaining degrees, which is highlighted by the larger Non-S&E bar. However; despite when comparing S&E, the bar for Male and Female, are almost similar in frequency.

Questions

In general, the summary tables show that there female people are overall earning more degrees; however, when broken down by science-related fields Female people generally study, social sciences, psychology, biology, and agricultural sciences. Male people study physical sciences, mathematics and statistics, engineering, earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences, and computer Science. This can be found in the box plot below. This is consistent with literature that shows that these fields are often not inclusive of woman, and in particular women of color.

To see if woman are in the field of data science, the plot has been filtered to only include, computer science, math and statistics. Despite the foundations that woman have established in the fields of mathematics, statistics and computer science, woman are underrepresented in both fields.

All Variables

Case Study 3: Major League Baseball

Team	Change_Payrole	Payrole	Wins	Wins_Pct
Los Angeles Dodgers	0.8511002	149.15418	434	0.5364313
Washington Nationals	0.8200017	91.04086	429	0.5302431
San Diego Padres	0.7443947	59.23019	390	0.4814815
Texas Rangers	0.6839576	103.63741	437	0.5388169
San Francisco Giants	0.6294727	125.62321	436	0.5382716

Homework1

Jonathon Sun

1/27/2021